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IPDISP (CCP4: Supported Program)
NAME
ipdisp
- X-Windows tool, displays images from a variety of (crystallographic) sources.
SYNOPSIS
ipdisp
[option]
DESCRIPTION
This program allows the display of images from a variety of sources.
The primary assumption is that the image file consists either of a
known (currently MAR) format, or of an array of pixel values expressed
as unsigned short integers (integer*2), with an optional header (which
is ignored except for MAR images): this second class includes unpacked
images from most detector systems. The image file is described in a
so-called spdfil, which is specified on the command line.
Historically, this program was a stand-alone version of a display
level from Madnes, so follows a few Madnes ideas.
The program is run by
ipdisp [option]
Examples:
ipdisp my_image.mar2000
ipdisp -Mo -f image.img
ipdisp -M -t image_###.img -d 120 -w 0.88
The first [option] defines the appropriate image type, and may be
followed by options to set an image filename and to set parameters
which may otherwise be set interactively from the screen menu. In the
case of Mar IP files with extensions of the form ".marXXXX" (where
XXXX is a number eg 2000), the filename name itself (or template name
following -t) is sufficient
Contents:
- Options for ipdisp
- Description of the display window
- Details of the display window
- Display parameter area
- Output area
- Main menu
- Image display area
- Description of spatial distortion files (spdfils)
- Description of data items
- Creating or customising spdfils
- List of distributed spdfils
Options for ipdisp
Optional input (as alternative to interactive input):
-h gives a list of the image type options
-s defines spdfil; not needed if one of the above options is given
-f image filename: if this is given,it will be displayed immediately
-t template name
-i image increment (nearly always = 1,the default)
-d detector distance (mm)
-a swing angle theta (degrees)
-w wavelength (A)
If the filename or template name have extensions of the form
".marXXXX", the type will be set automatically and the distance and
wavelength will be read from the header.
The following define the image type (ie which spdfil to read) - if
used, they MUST come before any other option: either version may be
used for unix, only the second for VMS ( in which case only the first
two characters are needed):
-ab -AB 2x2 ADSC scanned binned mode
-a -A 2x2 ADSC scanned
-m -MAr MAR scanner (small plate, SGI)
-mc -MC MAR CCD scanner 130mm
-md -MD MAR CCD scanner 165mm
-M -BMar MAR scanner (large plate, SGI, squashed data)
-Mo -BOmar MAR scanner (large plate, SGI, original format with overflow)
-V -MVaxmar MAR scanner (large plate, Vax)
-v -MVax MAR scanner (small plate, Vax)
-r -R RAXIS II scanner
-rc -RC RAXIS II scanner (coarse scan)
-r4 -R4 RAXIS 4 scanner (100 micron scan)
-pf -PF Photon Factory Weissenberg plate
-c -C Mac Science 2500x2500
-d3 -D3 MAC Science DIP2030
-d4 -D4 MAC Science DIP2040
-dc -DC D2AM CCD scanner
[Obsolete?
-e -EMbl EMBL scanner (prototype)
-g -GEl gel
-o -OLmb Optronics film scan (LMB scan size)
-O -OOlmb Optronics film scan (LMB scan size, original file)
-y -Ylmb Molecular Dynamics off-line scanner at LMB
-Y -BYlmb Molecular Dynamics large scanner at LMB
-z -XLmb Molecular Dynamics small scanner at LMB
-i2 -TIffgel TIFF file translated from a GEL file]
or the spdfil filename can be given (full path not needed).
The complete list of supported detectors and their associated spdfils is given
below (see "List of distributed
spdfils") (see the ipdisp script or COM file on VMS for details)
DISPLAY WINDOW
The display window is divided into 4 main areas: Display Parameter
area, Output area, Main menu, Image display area.
The left mouse button is the main pointer, the middle button
is used on the image area to control the magnify window, the right
button for sub-menu options in the image area
- 1) Display parameters
-
This allows a number of parameters affecting the display &
other options to be changed. Yes/No toggles can be changed by
clicking the left mouse button on the Yes/No button. Numbers can be
changed by clicking on the number with the left button, then typing
the number, terminated by <cr>
- 2) Output area
-
This area reports the results of clicking on the image, etc.
No input is accepted
- 3) Main menu
-
Click left button to select an option
- 4) Image display area
-
In the window area, the left mouse button can be used to
select a rectangle by dragging. The average value, rms deviation &
number of points are reported in the Output area. A selected rectangle
may be zoomed to fill the display area by the menu option Zoom:
click Zoom again to restore the full image.
The middle mouse button controls the magnify window (top
left). Clicking the middle button on the magnify window toggles a double
size display. Clicking the middle button on the image display freezes
the magnify window, allowing pixels in the magnify window to be picked
(but not rectangles).
The top right panel contains:-
- Min & Max image values for the grey level scaling
(equivalent to Scale low & high in the parameter area, but less
permanent)
- cursor position in pixels (REVERSED in order, i.e. x==Zms,
y==Yms). In zoomed images, this is the pixel position in the ZOOMED
image, not in the whole image. See output area after clicking for
correct pixel values in the whole image.
- Overlay On/Off/Offset menu, toggles display of circle and
spot overlays (right button to select)
- Contrast slider: controls display contrast (left button)
- Colour table selection: probably only Black on white &
White on black are useful (N.B. "Yellow if >Max" option makes pixels
yellow if they are greater than scale-high (=Max) value)
- Mag menu: controls magnification in magnify window
- PS button: sends image to a Postscript file (after a
little dialogue)
DETAILS
1) Display parameter area
- Signed image: raw images are Unsigned (=No, default).
Selecting Yes will set negatives = 0 for the displayed image (but
picked values are still correct)
- Scale low, high: define scaling range, i.e. the values of an
image pixel to be displayed as white or black. The first image
displayed will be scaled automatically, and the range may also be
recalculated with the Scale image option in the menu, but you may
wish to change this. These numbers are exactly equivalent the the
Min/Max numbers on the image panel, but numbers set here will carry
over to all images. Use Current image option to redisplay image with
altered scaling.
- Pick area: controls number of pixels displayed by Pick
- Whole range: not relevant at present
- Add: controls the Add images & Overlay images options,
but these parameters are also prompted for by these options. Define
first image number & number of images to add together or overlay.
- Distance, Theta, Wavelength: these must be set before
resolution or measure calculations are sensible
- Beam pixel Y, Z: these are the pixel coordinates of the
main beam along fast & slow directions. Normally they will be picked
up from the spdfil (which should be edited for your site), but they
can be changed here. Click on the beam centre to get the pixel
coordinates in the output area, then click on menu item Set Main Beam,
or alternatively type them in to these slots.
- Outer circle: define resolution for the outer circle drawn by the
Circles option. Default to edge of detector. The actual resolutions of the
circles are given in the output area.
2) Output area
- Pixel: last pixel hit (Yms, Zms) or 1st corner of rectangle
- Pixel coordinates expressed in Mosflm scanner frame in
mm (as in the BEAM command to Mosflm)
- Resolution: of last pixel hit (in Angstrom)
- Spacing: result of Measure option
- Average, RMS, number: average, RMS deviation & number of pixels in
the last selected rectangle
- Zoom factor: if Zoom option used
- Circle resolution: resolution of circles drawn by Circles option
(3) Main menu
- Current image: display whatever is in the current image array. Also
useful for redrawing image if Scale High & low are changed
- Read file: give name of file to be read & displayed
- Read image: give image number to be displayed. The file name will be
constructed using the template
- Read next image: increment the image number by the image
increment (noramlly = +1), display next image in series
- Read prev image: decrement image number, display previous image
- Set template: set filename template, as in Madnes (i.e.
filename with # characters which will be replaced by an image
number). Must be done before Read image, Add images, or Overlay
images options can be used.
- Scale image: set high & low image values to display as black or
white. You may need to change the scale limits to improve the appearance the
display.
- Add images: add together a series of images (actually average them).
You may wish to subtract a dark image from the sum. The Write image option may
be used to save the result.
- Overlay images: for a series of images, choose the largest
value at each pixel. The Write image option may be used to save the
result.
- Correct image: apply various corrections (not usually useful). Click
off the sub-menu to cancel
- Write image: write the current image to disk. Useful with
Add or Overlay. The written image can be read back by ipdisp but may not
be acceptable to other programs like mosflm.
- Set Main Beam: set main beam pixel coordinates to last
picked point, replace values in parameter table.
- Fit circle: click on a series of points defining a circle
centred on the main beam (e.g. a powder ring), then click this menu
option again to fit a circle to the points. Determines the centre and
radius of the best-fitting circle, allowing for a scale factor between
the pixel size in the 2 directions. If the result is accepted, the
main beam position is set to the centre of the circle, and the pixel
size in the Yms (==Yc) direction is changed. Useful for determining
main beam position from powder rings (e.g. wax).
N.B. this fit is done in pixel coordinates multiplied by the pixel
size: it does not take into account any spatial distortion (e.g. Roff &
Toff), nor of detector tilt (theta)
- Pick: toggle display of figure field around picked point on image.
- Measure: toggle measurement of reciprocal lattice spacing. Pick two
spots on a reciprocal lattice row (left button), then type number of orders, &
the lattice spacing is output in the Output area. Beware skew cells, this gives
you 1/a* etc, not a!
- Circles: toggle display of resolution circles. The resolution of the
outer circle is defined in the parameter table, the resolutions of all the
circles is given in the output area. Note that for the Fast, the display is
distorted (pixels are displayed as if they were square), so the circles are not
circular.
- Zoom: zoom a part of the image. Select an area by dragging a
rectangle on the image (left button), then click Zoom. A square area enclosing
the selected rectangle will be displayed. Zooming may be repeated. To restore
full image, click Zoom when no rectangle is selected.
- Exit: exit program
4) Image display area
This is 800 x 800 pixels. Large images are sampled as
necessary (e.g. 1 in 2, 1 in 3, or 1 in 4) on reading in. Use of Zoom
allows the display of all data pixels for a part of any larger image.
Description of Spatial Distortion Files (spdfils)
The spatial distortion files (spdfil for short) contain information
which characterises the image file which is to be viewed - in turn these
characteristics are determined by 1. detector, 2. collection
software/hardware, 3. site specific setup.
The spdfils are short text files which can be viewed e.g. using the unix
command 'more'. A typical spdfil will contain several lines of comments
and two lines of data. The data lines look like:
# IMGTYP NHEAD LRECL NPIXEL NPXREC IMGDRC ENDED
#.......#.......#.......#.......#.......#.......#.......
RAX 1 1024 950 950 +y+x litend
#
# YPXMAX ZPXMAX YBEAM ZBEAM YPXSIZ ZPXSIZ ROFF TOFF
#.........#.........#.........#.........#.........#.........#.........#.........
950. 950. 425.0 425.0 0.2034 0.210 0.0 0.0
Lines beginning with # are comments and are ignored by IPDISP when
reading the file. The following sections describe the meaning of the different
items in the data lines, and how to cutomise existing spdfils or create new
ones.
Descriptions of spdfil data items
Line 1: imgtyp, nhead, lrecl, npixel, npxrec, imgdrc, ended
These entries have the following fixed fortran format: (A8, 4I8, 2A8), i.e.
imgtyp (string, 8 character field), nhead/lrecl/npixel/npxrec (integers, each
with an 8 character field), imgdrc/ended (strings, each with 8 character field).
- IMGTYP
- Image type, eg 'MAR', EMBL', 'RAX', 'MLDS', 'GEL' etc. Only used
for reference purposes for the user.
- NHEAD
- number of header records. (1 for MAR, 0 otherwise?)
- LRECL
- record length (may be longer than real size; mustn't be smaller
than NPIXEL)
- NPIXEL
- number of pixels to read from each record; this corresponds to
the number of pixels along the 'fast' axis.
- NPXREC
- number of records to read; this corresponds to the number
of pixels along the 'slow' axis.
- IMGDRC
- image direction; string of the form e.g. -x+y which corresponds to
the mosflm convention for the order and direction of the axes stored in
the image file.
- ENDED
- endedness of machine that wrote the image file:
- 'litend' (little-ended, ie least significant bit written
first - this is the default) (Vax- or PC-like)
- 'bigend' (big-ended, ie most significant bit written first) (SGI,
ESV, Sun, etc)
This may also contain the string sqt (eg 'bigsqt') indicating squashed
data above 32767, or ovf (e.g. 'bigovf') indicating Mar-style overflow
table.
Line 2: YPXMAX, ZPXMAX, YBEAM, ZBEAM, YPXSIZ, ZPXSIZ, ROFF, TOFF
These entries have the following fixed fortran format: (8F10.4) i.e.
each of the entries are reals with a 10 character field and 4 decimal places.
- YPXMAX
- maximum usable pixel along Yms (i.e. fast axis)
- ZPXMAX
- maximum usable pixel along Zms (i.e. slow axis)
- YBEAM
- Yms coordinate of main beam (i.e. along fast axis, guess at
YPXMAX/2)
- ZBEAM
- Zms coordinate of main beam (i.e. along slow axis, guess at
ZPXMAX/2)
- YPXSIZ
- pixel size in mm along Yms
- ZPXSIZ
- pixel size in mm along Zms
- ROFF
- radial offset correction
- TOFF
- tangential offset correction
Of these, NPIXEL, NPXREC, YPXSIZ and ZPXSIZ are detector properties.
IMGDRC, ENDED are collection characteristics. YBEAM and ZBEAM are site specific.
ROFF and TOFF are corrections to do with scanning errors (the detectors are
scanned in a spiral and the data are then converted to a rectangular grid for
storage in the image file - these are corrections for the case when the spiral
is off-centre ... they should in any case be small so set them both to zero if
you don't have any better estimates).
Creating or customising spdfils
Customisation may be necessary to correct for the alignment of the
main beam (YBEAM, ZBEAM), or if the detector operates in different scan
modes or with different pixel resolutions (NPIXEL, NPXREC, YPXSIZ,
ZPXSIZ). New detectors may require that you write your own spdfil, with
the caveat that some recent detectors (e.g. Mar345) write the image file
in a packed format, which IPDISP cannot read without coding changes.
In these cases it is not sufficient to write a new spdfil.
e.g. ADSC Quantum-4 CCD has an active area of 2304x2304 pixels with
pixels being 81.6x81.6 microns. This gives IMGTYP = 'ADSC' (used only for
reference), NPIXEL and NPXREC = 2304 and YPXSIZ and ZPXSIX = 0.0816.
Then: NRECL should be at least as big as NPIXEL (should be okay if they
are equal). YPXMAX and ZPXMAX can be set equal to NPIXEL and NPXREC
respectively, as defaults (not sure what these do).
YBEAM and ZBEAM together define the position of the main beam, and
ideally this would be at the centre of the image, i.e. YBEAM = (YPXMAX/2)
and ZBEAM = (ZPXMAX/2). In fact this is unlikely to be exactly true for a
real experimental setup, and these numbers will have to be adjusted
slightly. This can be done either by editing the spdfil or from within
IPDISP. Similarly, ROFF and TOFF are corrections for the deviation for
ideality of the radial scan, and are setup-specific. Default to 0.0.
IPDISP will look for the spdfils in the directory $CCP4/x-windows/ipdisp
If you wish to have them elsewhere, you will have to edit the ipdisp script.
List of distributed spdfils
This is the complete list of spdfils available at present; not all spdfils
have associated ipdisp options. Not all detectors are represented
and it will be necessary to create new spdfils for these (see above).
Otherwise MOSFLM will view images from most detectors, e.g. Mar345.
Unix
| Unix/VAX
| Spdfil name
| Detector
|
-Y
| -BYlmb
| spdfil.Mld
| LMB Molecular Dynamics scanner, 1400x1400 pixel scan
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-Mo
| -BOmar
| spdfil.Sbigmar
| MAR scanner (large plate, SGI, original format with overflow)
|
-z
| -ZLmb
| spdfil.Smld
| LMB Molecular Dynamics scanner, 512x456 pixel scan
|
-ab
| -AB
| spdfil.adsc_binned
| 2x2 ADSC scanned binned mode (*)
|
-a
| -A
| spdfil.adsc_unbinned
| 2x2 ADSC scanned (*)
|
-M
| -BMar
| spdfil.bigmar
| MAR scanner (large plate, SGI, squashed data)
|
-V
| -BVaxmar
| spdfil.bigvax
| MAR scanner (large plate, Vax)
|
-o
| -OLmb
| spdfil.film
| Optronics film scan (LMB scan size)
|
-O
| -OOlmb
| spdfil.film2560
| Optronics film scan (LMB scan size, original file)
|
-g
| -GEl
| spdfil.gel
| gel
|
-i2
| -TIffgel
| spdfil.lcl
| TIFF file translated from a GEL file
|
-e
| -EMbl
| spdfil.lmb
| EMBL scanner (prototype)
|
-m
| -MAr
| spdfil.mar
| MAR scanner (small plate, SGI)
|
-mc
| -MCcd
| spdfil.marccd
| 130mm MAR CCD scanner (*)
|
-md
| -MD
| spdfil.marccd165
| 165mm MAR CCD scanner (*)
|
-v
| -MVax
| spdfil.marvax
| MAR scanner (small plate, Vax)
|
-c
| -C
| spdfil.mcs
| Mac Science 2500x2500
|
-d3
| -D3
| spdfil.dip2030
| Mac Science DIP2030 (*)
|
-d4
| -D4
| spdfil.dip2040
| Mac Science DIP2040 (*)
|
-y
| -YLmb
| spdfil.mld
| LMB Molecular Dynamics off-line scanner, 700x700 pixel scan
|
-pf
| -PF
| spdfil.pf
| Photon Factory Weissenberg plate
|
-r
| -R
| spdfil.rax
| RAXIS II scanner
|
-r4
| -R4
| spdfil.rax4100
| RAXIS 4 scanner with 100 micron scan (*)
|
-rc
| -RC
| spdfil.raxc
| RAXIS II scanner (coarse scan)
|
-dc
| -DC
| spdfil.d2amccd
| D2AM CCD scanner (*)
|
Files for Mar345-style images, loaded automatically by ipdisp script:-
spdfil.mar1200, spdfil.mar1600, spdfil.mar1800, spdfil.mar2000,
spdfil.mar2300, spdfil.mar2400, spdfil.mar3000, spdfil.mar3450
N.B.: spdfils marked with (*) are new and have not been widely tested.
Thanks to
Dave Lawson for the RAXIS 4 spdfil, Sean McSweeney for the Mar CCD and ADSC
spdfils, Jean-Luc Ferrer for the D2AM CCD spdfil, and to Atsushi Nakagawa
for the MAC science DIP2030 and DIP2040 spdfils.
AUTHOR
Phil Evans, MRC LMB, Cambridge
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